Publications

This article discusses the influence of the Integral Quality Monitor (IQM) transmission detector on photon beam properties. The authors evaluated data acquired at nine different Radiation Therapy centers and concluded that the magnitudes of changes observed justify treating IQM either as energy-specific tray factors in the treatment planning system or alternatively as a set of modified output factors for each linac energy. Download this article for some valuable guidance for implementing the IQM System into your clinical routine.

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Bruce Perrin and his colleagues at the Christie Hospital investigated potential challenges when integrating IQM into a commerical planning system. They compared data measured in a waterphantom with and without the IQM detector for varioius energies (6,10 & 6FFF). They evaluated the IQM data against clinical models in Pinnacle 9.8 and analyzed the magnitude of deviations assessed. And finally, they verified their analytical results by delivering various treatment plans to the Delta 4 through IQM. Download the full presentation as shown during the ESTRO35 Conference in Turin, Italy in May 2016.

Robert Heaton from the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre in Toronto, Canada presented the calculation model of the IQM System in terms of the physical characteristics and behavior of linear accelerators at the ESTRO36 Conference in Vienna, Austria in May 2017.

Robert Heaton and his colleagues at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre in Toronto developed a calculation method to predict the measured IQM signal for clinical IMRT fields. This poster was presented at the ESTRO36 conference in Vienna, Austria in May 2017.

Download the publication by the IQM project team at the Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto. This article was published in 2009 as a proof of concept for the IQM system.

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This study by H. Yokoyama, et al. was presented as a poster at the 2020 Joint AAPM/COMP Virtual Meeting. The clinical physics group introduced a variety of clinically significant treatment delivery errors into 6 different treatment techniques (3x 3DCRT, 1x IMRT and 2x VMAT) all utilizing 4MV treatment beams.

They concluded that IQM was more sensitive to the MLC errors than the conventional QA method. IQM was also able to detect the systematic open/close leaf position and leaf shift errors in all the modified plans. They stated that IQM was even able to detect single leaf shifts within an otherwise correct field size and shape. Download the poster to learn about the error sensitivity of the IQM system when delivering treatment techniques utilizing 4 MV photon beams.

This study by A. Harpley, et al. was presented as a poster at the 2020 Joint AAPM/COMP Virtual Meeting. The clinical physics group introduced a variety of clinically significant treatment delivery errors into 8 retrospective SBRT plans and compared the error sensitivity of IQM to their Portal Dosimetry system. The authors concluded that IQM is more sensitive to dose differences than Varian Portal Dosimetry and shows a better Pearson correlation for the MLC error plan types. Download the poster to learn that IQM allows the error determination along each arc control point, which presents an avenue to determine the exact position where the error is occurring and thereby the potential cause of the error.

Download the full presentation about the first year of clinical experience with the IQM System for Fraction QA at the Lake Constance Radiation Oncology Center in Singen / Friedrichshafen. This presentation was given by Marlies Pasler, PhD  at the ASTRO 2019 Annual Meeting in Chicago, IL.

This study by Oluwaseyi M. Oderinde and Freek Du Plessis from the University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa assesses the dose variation sensitivity of two quality assurance (QA) devices (Integral quality monitoring (IQM®) and MatriXXEvolution systems) used for radiotherapy verification. Six volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) radiation plans were calculated, namely, three head-and-neck and three prostate cases. For sensitivity evaluation, the planning target volume (PTV) dose for each patient’s plan was modified by 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, and 3.0% of its original dose. The IQM and MatriXX detectors are sensitive to the dose errors considered. At 0.5% PTV dose modification, the average local percentage differences for the IQM are 0.27 ± 0.29, 0.24 ± 0.35, 0.42 ± 0.39, 0.74 ± 0.28, 0.41 ± 0.24, and 0.26 ± 0.32, while the average local percentage differences for the MatriXX device are 1.37 ± 0.25, 1.30 ± 0.75, 2.82 ± 1.46, 1.34 ± 1.29, 1.58 ± 0.97, and 1.13 ± 0.97. The sensitivity of the detectors is more pronounced in VMAT plan errors containing larger segments. This shows that the sensitivities of the detectors are plan and fraction specific. Both detectors are sensitive to dose variation in the clinical plans to a minimal dose deviation of 0.5%. The IQM detector shows the capability to be used for QA procedures and for real-time beam output monitoring.

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This study by M. Ghafarian, M. Morales-Paliza and M. Price was presented as a poster at the 2019 AAPM Annual Meeting in San Antonio, TX. The clinical physics group introduced a variety of clinically significant treatment delivery errors into a variety of complex retrospective VMAT plans and compared the error sensitivity of IQM to their Portal Dosimetry system.
The authors concluded that the IQM system is more sensitive to small dose differences and provides more information regarding machine output than EPID gamma analysis.
Download the poster to learn how the IQM system provides a highly effective method for MLC error detection in highly complex VMAT plans.

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This article by Masahide Saito, published in the Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics compares the MLC error sensitivity of various measurement devices for VMAT pre‐treatment quality assurance (QA). This study used four QA devices (Scandidos Delta4, PTW 2D‐array, iRT systems IQM, and PTW Farmer chamber). Nine retrospective VMAT plans were used and nine MLC error plans were generated for all nine original VMAT plans. Download this article to learn about the unrivaled error sensitivity of the IQM transmission detector for systematic MLC errors, especially for small aperture sizes, such as for lung SBRT.

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This multi-center study by Livia Marazzo, published in the German Journal of Radiation Therapy and Oncology tests the sensitivity of the Integral Quality Monitor (IQM) transmission detector for online dose monitoring of IMRT treatment techniques to detect small delivery errors. The article furthermore investigated the correlation between changes in the IQM signal, induced by small delivery errors, with other metrics like Gamma passing rate and dose-volume histogram metrics.  Download this article to learn about the high sensitivity of the IQM transmission detector for small delivery errors as well as the good correlation between the IQM detector signal and DVH metrics.

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Oluwaseyi M. Oderinde and his colleagues at the University of the Free State in Bloemfontein, South Africa evaluated the sensitivity of the IQM System to errors in beam segments using EGSnrc/BEAMnrc Monte Carlo (MC) codes. The authors show the potential of the IQM System to detect small segment alterations. This article was published in "Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine", Vol. 2017 and shows the error sensitivity of the IQM System during online beam monitoring.

Makan Farrokhkish and his colleagues at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre evaluated the beam monitoring performance of the IQM System to assess the accuracy and reproducibility of the linac beam delivery. The signal calculation accuracy and measurement reproducibility as well as the error detection capability of the IQM System was evaluated. For this study the author analyzed 52800 beam segments. Download the poster that was presented at the AAPM 2017 conference in Denver.

Kilian Michel and his colleagues at the Lake Constance Radiation Oncology Center in Friedrichshafen, Germany evaluated the IQM System for Online Dosimetry during the patient treatment. The y checked the long-term signal stability, the error detection sensitivity for induced errors, the correlation of the IQM and the Dose-Volume-Histogram as well as treatment plan verification with the IQM System.

Mr. Bruce Perrin, Medical Physicist from The Christie Hospital in Manchester validated the effectiveness and reliability of the IQM in monitoring the correct delivery of daily fractions. The presentation was given at the 2015 UKRO (United Kingdom Radiation Oncology) Conference in Birmingham, UK.

David Hoffman, PhD at UC Davis evaluated the stability and accuracy of each feature of the IQM. This thorough review includes many comparative and illustrative graphics, and validated the IQM against its stated performance requirements and the site’s clinical standards. Download the full presentation given at the AAPM 2015 Meeting in Anaheim, CA.

Lan Lin, Medical Physicist at Johns Hopkins University evaluated the accuracy,sensitivity and constancy of the IQM for conventional intensity modulated radiationtherapy (IMRT) and for rotational volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). Download the complete poster that was shown.at the AAPM 2015 Meeting in Anaheim, CA.

Stefania Pallotta from University of Florence, Italy evaluated the IQM during pre-clinical testing. She concludes that IQM provides optimal performance for signal reproducibility for complex IMRT plans. Her work demonstrated that IQM is capable of detecting small errors in MU and leaf positions and is sufficient for clinical practice. Download the complete poster that was shown at the IEEE conference in Milano, Italy

Jianguo Qian from the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore draws the preliminary conclusion that IQM is a stable dosimetric system and can detect dosimetric deviations caused by small leaf errors in stereotactic radiation therapy. The sensitivity to leaf errors was demonstrated to be more pronounced for relatively small fields (i.e., small targets) in SBRT. IQM appears to be more sensitive than Mapcheck2 to small leaf errors in SBRT of small targets while showing similar sensitivity in SBRT of relatively large targets. Download the complete poster that was shown at the ASTRO 57 meeting in San Antonio, Texas.

Chiara Arilli, Cinzia Talamonti, Livia Marrazzo and their colleagues from the AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy evaluated the output signal reproducibility and sensitivity in detecting small errors in delivery parameters of step and shoot IMRT treatments with the IQM System.  The team also assessed the correlation between IQM signal variations and 3Dγ, 2Dγ and DVH parameters. Download the full poster that was shown during the AIFM Conference in Perugia, Italy in February 2016.

Marlies Pasler and her colleagues at the Lake Constance Radiation Oncology Center in Friedrichshafen, Germany investigated the potential of the IQM System to catch errors before they become clinically relevant. They also examined whether IQM would help them to improve the efficiency of their processes and finally they assessed whether IQM could successfully replace their current pre-treatment QA. They concluded that IQM could improve the efficiency of their workflow and that its error detection capabilities are sufficient for clinical practice. Download the full presentation that was shown during the ESTRO35 Conference in Turin, Italy in May 2016.

Livia Marrazzo and her colleagues at the AOU Careggi in Florence evaluated the correlation between changes in the detector output signal induced by small delivery errors with other metrics, such as the Gamma pass rate and DVH variations. They concluded that IQM is capable of detecting small delivery errors and that it exhibits a good correlation with other metrics currently used to determine the quality of a treatment plan. Download the full presentation that was shown during the ESTRO35 Conference in Turin, Italy in May 2016.

Martijn Kusters from Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands states that IQM enables a clinic to do real-time, intra-fraction monitoring of beam delivery. The error sensitivity and specificity can be expected to be sufficient for clinical practice, and performs at least as well as their current equipment (Scandidos Delta 4). Download the full presentation given at the iRT booth during the ASTRO 57 meeting in San Antonio, Texas in 2015.

This study by S. Martinez, et al. was presented as a poster at the 2020 Joint AAPM/COMP Virtual Meeting. The clinical physics group aimed to compare the capability of the iQM system for optimizing MLC model specific parameters: Dynamic Leaf Gap and Transmission Factor to a IBA MatriXX spatial array. IQM shows a VERY small variation in the measured results and is able to clearly determine the best match of the minimum percent absolute error between predicted and measured signal. Download the poster to learn that IQM facilitated a higher resolution (0.01 mm) measurement than was possible with MatriXX.

Four (4) Elekta Versa HD Linear accelerators at different sites within a network of 16 cancer centers were matched for the 6MV beam energy. As part of commissioning IQM detectors at each of the 16 sites we investigated the agreement of IQM and waterphantom measurements among the four matched machines and implemented a universal beam model to calculate predicted IQM measurements for them.

Area output factors for field sizes from 1x1 cm² to 30x30 cm² and central axis beam profiles taken with water phantom and with IQM were compared among the four machines, then used to implement a universal beam model for use with IQM’s calculation algorithm to predict segment measurements. Predicted segment signals were calculated for 20 complex VMAT Plans and then delivered at the 4 linear accelerators and compared.

The comparison between predicted and measured cumulative signals was evaluated based on (i) the average cumulative signal deviation, (ii) the standard deviation of cumulative signal deviations and (iii) the course of segment-specific standard deviations (SD) of cumulative signal deviations.

Due to the close agreement of machine QA and clinical plan results the team investigated whether the machine-specific, statistically-derived characterization of expected beam behavior would also yield uniform tolerance settings that could be applied for the matched machines.

Download the full presentation he preliminary results of a multi-center workgroup to implement TG-142 Machine QA with IQM. This presentation was given by Luis Fong de los Santos, PhD  at the ASTRO 2019 Annual Meeting in Chicago, IL.

This multi-center study by A. Veres, M. Farrokhkish, J. DeMarco and their colleagues was presented as a poster at the 2018 AAPM Annual Meeting in Nashville, TN. The clinical research group developed and validated an efficient machine performance and quality assurance (QA) protocol using the IQM system. The authors concluded that the IQM system provides a very efficient process for performing quality control and quality assurance of a linear accelerator. Download the poster to learn how the IQM system provides an automated approach for an efficient dosimetric characterization of a linear accelerator.

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Mr. Andrew Jung. (Member of the IQM development team at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre in Toronto) evaluated the possibility to utilize the IQM system for a variety of Linac QA purposes. Download the full presentation that was given at the iRT booth during the AAPM 2015 meeting in Anaheim, CA.

Oluwaseyi Michael Oderinde and his colleagues at the University of the Free State in Bloemfontein, South Africa developed a new component module (CM) to accurately model the integral quality monitoring (IQM) system to be used in the BEAMnrc Monte Carlo (MC) code. Download this publication in "Radiation Physics and Chemistry", which serves as a basis for researchers that have an interest in MC study of wedge-shaped ionization chamber systems.

Oluwaseyi Oderinde from the University of the Free State, South Africa modelled the IQM using the BEAMnrc component module. this model stands as a basis for Monte Carlo study of the IQM system. Download the complete poster that was shown at the SAAPMB conference in Bloemfontein, South Africa.

Four (4) Elekta Versa HD Linear accelerators at different sites within a network of 16 cancer centers were matched for the 6MV beam energy. As part of commissioning IQM detectors at each of the 16 sites we investigated the agreement of IQM and waterphantom measurements among the four matched machines and implemented a universal beam model to calculate predicted IQM measurements for them.

Area output factors for field sizes from 1x1 cm² to 30x30 cm² and central axis beam profiles taken with water phantom and with IQM were compared among the four machines, then used to implement a universal beam model for use with IQM’s calculation algorithm to predict segment measurements. Predicted segment signals were calculated for 20 complex VMAT Plans and then delivered at the 4 linear accelerators and compared.

The comparison between predicted and measured cumulative signals was evaluated based on (i) the average cumulative signal deviation, (ii) the standard deviation of cumulative signal deviations and (iii) the course of segment-specific standard deviations (SD) of cumulative signal deviations.

Due to the close agreement of machine QA and clinical plan results the team investigated whether the machine-specific, statistically-derived characterization of expected beam behavior would also yield uniform tolerance settings that could be applied for the matched machines.

Download the full presentation about the first year of clinical experience with the IQM System for Fraction QA at the Lake Constance Radiation Oncology Center in Singen / Friedrichshafen. This presentation was given by Marlies Pasler, PhD  at the ASTRO 2019 Annual Meeting in Chicago, IL.

IQM has been thoroughly evaluated at some of the world’s leading Radiation Therapy Centers. The signal linearity test verifies that the signal detected by IQM is directly proportional to the dose output. The dose rate dependence test verifies that the IQM system measures the same signal for the same dose independent of the
dose rate at which the dose is delivered. Download the IQM White paper to learn about the exceptional signal linearity and dose rate independence of the IQM system.

IQM has been thoroughly evaluated at some of the world’s leading Radiation Therapy Centers. A variety of acceptance tests were performed as part of the installation routine at every clinical center. Download the IQM White paper to learn about the exceptional signal reproducibility of the IQM system.

Kilian Michel and his colleagues at the Lake Constance Radiation Oncology Center in Friedrichshafen, Germany evaluated the IQM System for Online Dosimetry during the patient treatment. The y checked the long-term signal stability, the error detection sensitivity for induced errors, the correlation of the IQM and the Dose-Volume-Histogram as well as treatment plan verification with the IQM System.

Richard Canters from Radboud UMC in Nijmegen, The Netherlands evaluated the error detection capability of the IQM System. He found out that IQM detects small errors in beam delivery with respect to pre-calculated beams, detects small errors during a treatment course with respect to reference beams, and further, that IQM operates with almost no user interaction necessary and it closes the TPS – R&V – Linac circle. Download the full presentation that was given at the iRT booth during the 3rd ESTRO Forum in Barcelona, Spain in April 2015.

Stefania Pallotta states that IQM provides an optimal performance for IMRT QA, based on the results of this study, which saw intra-fractional standard deviation (%STD) of 0.04% and inter-fractional %STD of up to 0.36% for complex IMRT cases over a period of multiple weeks. Download the full presentation that was held at the iRT booth during the 3rd ESTRO Forum in Barcelona, Spain

Marlies Pasler and her colleagues at the Lake Constance Radiation Oncology Center in Friedrichshafen, Germany investigated the potential of the IQM System to catch errors before they become clinically relevant. They also examined whether IQM would help them to improve the efficiency of their processes and finally they assessed whether IQM could successfully replace their current pre-treatment QA. They concluded that IQM could improve the efficiency of their workflow and that its error detection capabilities are sufficient for clinical practice. Download the full presentation that was shown during the ESTRO35 Conference in Turin, Italy in May 2016.

Livia Marrazzo and her colleagues at the AOU Careggi in Florence evaluated the correlation between changes in the detector output signal induced by small delivery errors with other metrics, such as the Gamma pass rate and DVH variations. They concluded that IQM is capable of detecting small delivery errors and that it exhibits a good correlation with other metrics currently used to determine the quality of a treatment plan. Download the full presentation that was shown during the ESTRO35 Conference in Turin, Italy in May 2016.

Martijn Kusters from Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands states that IQM enables a clinic to do real-time, intra-fraction monitoring of beam delivery. The error sensitivity and specificity can be expected to be sufficient for clinical practice, and performs at least as well as their current equipment (Scandidos Delta 4). Download the full presentation given at the iRT booth during the ASTRO 57 meeting in San Antonio, Texas in 2015.

This comprehensive evaluation of the new large field ion chamber transmission detector, Integral Quality Monitor (IQM) addresses  online external photon beam verification and quality assurance. Download the complete JACMP publication.

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Download the publication by the IQM project team at the Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto. This article was published in 2009 as a proof of concept for the IQM system.

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Download the full presentation about the response characteristics of the IQM system with different beams. This presentation was given by Mr. Makan Farrokhkish, B.Sc. (Member of the IQM development team) at the World Congress on Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering 2015 in Toronto.

Makan Farrokhkish from the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto states that IQM is well suitable to verify state-of-the-art SBRT treatments utilizing FFF Rapid Arc treatments on a Varian TrueBeam linear accelerator. Download the full presentation that was given at the iRT booth during the ASTRO 57 conference in San Antonio, Texas.

This study by H. Yokoyama, et al. was presented as a poster at the 2020 Joint AAPM/COMP Virtual Meeting. The clinical physics group introduced a variety of clinically significant treatment delivery errors into 6 different treatment techniques (3x 3DCRT, 1x IMRT and 2x VMAT) all utilizing 4MV treatment beams.

They concluded that IQM was more sensitive to the MLC errors than the conventional QA method. IQM was also able to detect the systematic open/close leaf position and leaf shift errors in all the modified plans. They stated that IQM was even able to detect single leaf shifts within an otherwise correct field size and shape. Download the poster to learn about the error sensitivity of the IQM system when delivering treatment techniques utilizing 4 MV photon beams.

This study by S. Martinez, et al. was presented as a poster at the 2020 Joint AAPM/COMP Virtual Meeting. The clinical physics group aimed to compare the capability of the iQM system for optimizing MLC model specific parameters: Dynamic Leaf Gap and Transmission Factor to a IBA MatriXX spatial array. IQM shows a VERY small variation in the measured results and is able to clearly determine the best match of the minimum percent absolute error between predicted and measured signal. Download the poster to learn that IQM facilitated a higher resolution (0.01 mm) measurement than was possible with MatriXX.

This study by A. Harpley, et al. was presented as a poster at the 2020 Joint AAPM/COMP Virtual Meeting. The clinical physics group introduced a variety of clinically significant treatment delivery errors into 8 retrospective SBRT plans and compared the error sensitivity of IQM to their Portal Dosimetry system. The authors concluded that IQM is more sensitive to dose differences than Varian Portal Dosimetry and shows a better Pearson correlation for the MLC error plan types. Download the poster to learn that IQM allows the error determination along each arc control point, which presents an avenue to determine the exact position where the error is occurring and thereby the potential cause of the error.

This study by Oluwaseyi M. Oderinde and Freek Du Plessis from the University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa assesses the dose variation sensitivity of two quality assurance (QA) devices (Integral quality monitoring (IQM®) and MatriXXEvolution systems) used for radiotherapy verification. Six volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) radiation plans were calculated, namely, three head-and-neck and three prostate cases. For sensitivity evaluation, the planning target volume (PTV) dose for each patient’s plan was modified by 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, and 3.0% of its original dose. The IQM and MatriXX detectors are sensitive to the dose errors considered. At 0.5% PTV dose modification, the average local percentage differences for the IQM are 0.27 ± 0.29, 0.24 ± 0.35, 0.42 ± 0.39, 0.74 ± 0.28, 0.41 ± 0.24, and 0.26 ± 0.32, while the average local percentage differences for the MatriXX device are 1.37 ± 0.25, 1.30 ± 0.75, 2.82 ± 1.46, 1.34 ± 1.29, 1.58 ± 0.97, and 1.13 ± 0.97. The sensitivity of the detectors is more pronounced in VMAT plan errors containing larger segments. This shows that the sensitivities of the detectors are plan and fraction specific. Both detectors are sensitive to dose variation in the clinical plans to a minimal dose deviation of 0.5%. The IQM detector shows the capability to be used for QA procedures and for real-time beam output monitoring.

More information

This study by M. Ghafarian, M. Morales-Paliza and M. Price was presented as a poster at the 2019 AAPM Annual Meeting in San Antonio, TX. The clinical physics group introduced a variety of clinically significant treatment delivery errors into a variety of complex retrospective VMAT plans and compared the error sensitivity of IQM to their Portal Dosimetry system.
The authors concluded that the IQM system is more sensitive to small dose differences and provides more information regarding machine output than EPID gamma analysis.
Download the poster to learn how the IQM system provides a highly effective method for MLC error detection in highly complex VMAT plans.

More information

This article by Masahide Saito, published in the Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics compares the MLC error sensitivity of various measurement devices for VMAT pre‐treatment quality assurance (QA). This study used four QA devices (Scandidos Delta4, PTW 2D‐array, iRT systems IQM, and PTW Farmer chamber). Nine retrospective VMAT plans were used and nine MLC error plans were generated for all nine original VMAT plans. Download this article to learn about the unrivaled error sensitivity of the IQM transmission detector for systematic MLC errors, especially for small aperture sizes, such as for lung SBRT.

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Sonja Wegener and her colleagues from the University of Würzburg, Germany evaluated the IQM System for IMRT plan QA. The team validated the IQM Calculation algorithm for a wide spectrum of clinical IMRT cases. They then tested the error sensitivity of the IQM System with a variety of induced errors, and compared the error detection capability of the IQM System against their current IMRT QA approaches. The IQM found all the errors detected by their current IMRT approaches and detected several errors that were missed by the other techniques.

Cinzia Talamonti and her colleagues from the University of Florence, Italy verified the delivery of the prescribed dose during radiotherapy treatment using the IQM in combination with portal imaging, together with the software SoftDiso (Best Medical Italy Srl) for in-vivo measurements. They evaluated the ability of detecting positional and delivery errors intentionally introduced during breast treatments. Download the full poster that was shown during the AIFM Conference in Perugia, Italy in February 2016.

Gloria Miori, Andrea Martignano and their colleagues from Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari in Trento, Italy analyzed the use of the IQM System for real-time beam delivery control. They evaluated the IQM's beam attenuation and it's ability to detect VMAT delivery errors. They concluded that the IQM beam attenuation can be considered homogenous in both X and Y directions and that the machine-specific beam attenuation percentage could be used to rescale treatment plan dose for clinical IQM use. They noted that the IQM shows appreciable features in detecting real-time errors and in time-saving QA. Download the full poster that was shown during the AIFM Conference in Perugia, Italy in February 2016.

Martijn Kusters from Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands states that IQM enables a clinic to do real-time, intra-fraction monitoring of beam delivery. The error sensitivity and specificity can be expected to be sufficient for clinical practice, and performs at least as well as their current equipment (Scandidos Delta 4). Download the full presentation given at the iRT booth during the ASTRO 57 meeting in San Antonio, Texas in 2015.

Gabriele Guidi and his colleagues from Az. Ospedaliero Universitaria di Modena evaluated the use of IQM for the verification of TBI treatments. They investigated the influence of the IQM Detector on depth dose curves and beam profiles for an extended SSD of 170cm. The presentation outlines the considerations that should be applied when utilizing IQM for TBI verification. They concluded that IQM can be used for TBI verifcation. Download the full presentation that was shown during the ESTRO35 Conference in Turin, Italy in May 2016.